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Bergère
A bergère is an enclosed upholstered French armchair (''fauteuil'')〔The inventory after the death of Mme de Pompadour lists a ''fauteuil en bergère'' (Pierre Verlet, ''French Furniture and Interior decoration of the 18th Century'' (Fribourg:Office du Livre 1977:177.〕 with an upholstered back and armrests on upholstered frames.〔The ''fauteuil'' differs in having open armrests.〕 The seat frame is over-upholstered, but the rest of the wooden framing is exposed: it may be moulded or carved, and of beech, painted or gilded, or of fruitwood, walnut or mahogany with a waxed finish. Padded elbowrests may stand upon the armrests. A ''bergère'' is fitted with a loose, but tailored, seat cushion. It is designed for lounging in comfort, with a deeper, wider seat than that of a regular ''fauteuil'', though the ''bergères'' by Bellangé in the White House (''one illustrated'') are more formal. A ''bergère'' in the eighteenth century was essentially a ''meuble courant'', designed to be moved about to suit convenience, rather than being ranged permanently formally along the walls as part of the decor.〔Verlet 1977, "Furniture of comfort and elegance" pp 173ff; the ''bergère'' is discussed pp. 177–79.〕
The fanciful name, "shepherdess chair", was coined in mid-eighteenth century Paris, where the model developed without a notable break from the late-seventeenth century ''chaise de commodité'', a version of the wing chair, whose upholstered "wings" shielding the face from fireplace heat or from draughts were retained in the ''bergère à oreilles'' ("with ears"), or, fancifully, ''bergère confessionale'', as if the occupant were hidden from view, as in a confessional. A ''bergère'' may have a flat, raked back, in which case it is ''à la reine'', or, more usually in Louis XV furnishings, it has a coved back, ''en cabriolet''. A ''bergère'' with a low coved back that sweeps without a break into the armrests is a ''marquise''.〔Model timeline in Madeleine Jarry, ''Le siège français'' (Fribourg: Office du Livre) 1973, following p. 356〕
Appearing first in Paris during the Régence (1715–23), the form reaches its full development in the unifying curves of the rococo style, then continues in a more architectural rectilinear style in the Louis XVI, Directoire, and French and American Empire styles.
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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